Brush.



No. 737,970. PATENTED SEPT. l, 1903. H. M. SCHWARTZ.

UNITED. STATES Patented September 1, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

HERMAN M. SCHWARTZ, OF NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO FLORENCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OE NORTIIADIPTON, MAS- SACHUSETTS, A CORPORATIONV OF MASSACHUSETTS.

BRUSH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 737,970, dated September 1, 1903.

Application filed April l()J 1902. Serial N9. 102,154. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HERMAN M. SCHWARTZ, a citizen of the United States, residing at Northampton, in the county of Hampshire, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Brushes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My improvement consists in employing a face-plate, preferably of metal or equivalent compressible material, having perforations formed therein, which plate I lill 2 by inserting tufts of bristles in the well-knownmanner, After the plate has been filled it is subjected either throughout its entire surface or at certain portions thereof surrounding the perforations to pressure between dies which effect a lateral displacement or iowing of the metal or material used, so that the plate is slightly reduced in thickness at the compressed portions, while the diameter of each of the perforations is slightly reduced. This causes the walls of each perforation to be forced into contact with the bristles therein, thus compacting and clamping the tuft of bristles firmly in place and firmly securing all the tufts, which latter may vary materially' in size. Under the pressure applied the metal around each perforation is moved toward the center of the perforation and the entire wall of the opening orperforation is brought into contact with the bristles, so that a considerable portion of each bristle is supported, and there is no tendency to weaken or cut the bristles, as would be the case if strong clamping pressure were applied at one point. By my improved construction the support afforded the bristles to hold them insures a high degree of resiliency at the free ends of the bristles which form the working` face of the brush, which is desirable.

In the accompanying drawings, to which reference is hereinafter made, l have illustrated the construction of my improved brush, and in the claims at the close of this specification I have pointed out and clearly defined the novel features thereof.

ln the said drawings,- liigure l is a section of a face-plate before compression. a similar section, but showing tufts of bristles secured in place. Fig. 3 is a section showing a face-plate in position between dies or blocks having holes therein, for use in filling the plate, corresponding with those of the plate, the lower of said blocks having projections surrounding each hole to facilitate the compression of the face -plate, as hereinafter explained. Fig. 4 vis a similar section showing the position of the dies reversed and showing the face of the dies at which thev compression of the plate is effected as plain or without projections of any kind. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a portion of a face-plate with the bristles secured therein andshowing the inner ends 'of the bristles bent down and embedded in a mass of cementitious material, which serves to anchor them in place.

Having reference to the drawings, the faceplate is designated 1 the perforations therein 2 2, and the tufts of bristles 3 The plate 1, which is preferably of metal-or similar compressible material, is perforated in any wellknown manner and is then placed between dies 4f 5, which are provided with holes corresponding with the holes in the face-plate 1. lVhile in this position the face-plate is filled in the well-known manner. After iillingr the dies or blocks with the face-plate interposed are subjected to pressure in a press or the like, and the metal of the face-plate is compressed and caused to iiow laterally, thus diminishing the diameter of each hole or perforation and causing the walls thereof to be brought into contact with the tuft of bristles which is in the hole, thus securely clamping the said tuft of bristles in place. This operation may be performed by the employment of plain or smooth dies, such as shown in Fig. al, in which case the entire surface of the plate is subjected to compression. lVhen such dies are employed very great pressure is necessary, and I prefer to employ dies such as are shown in Fig. 3, in which one member of the die, preferably that which comes in contact with the back of the face-plate, is provided aroundtheholes orperforationswith aslightlyraised annular projection G, substantially Fig. 2 is Wedge-shaped in cross-section, as shown. By the employment of relatively small pressure the projections G are forced into engagement with the portions of the face-plate immediately surrounding the perforations therein and cause a'lateral displacement or flow of the material inwardly toward the center of each perforation, forcing the Walls of the perforation closely in Contact With the bristles therein and effecting a clamping of th e bristles sufcient to firmly secure the tuft of bristles in place, Whether the said tuft is uniform in size with the other tufts or notthat is to say, the tufts of bristles sometimes vary somewhat in size, but by my process the Walls of the perforation are brought firmly in contact With the tuft of bristles Whether the tuft be slightly larger or smaller, so that each individual tuft is accommodated and firmly held. The faceplate When the tufts of bristles are secured in place will present the appearance indicated in Fig. 2. The annular projections 6 form slight annular recesses l0, (see Fig. 2,) which extend around each of the bristle-receiving holes in the face-plate. The lessening of the diameter of the perforations in the manner set forth also causes a desirable separating or spreading of the free ends of the tufts of bristles, as is indicated in Fig. 2.

In Fig. -t the block or die is shown in three parts, 7, 8, and 9, respectively, the thicker member S of the block corresponding with the member 4, Fig. 3, the block being reversed in position relatively to the block shown', Fig. 3, so that the butt-ends of the bristles are uppermost, instead of lowermost, as in Fig. 3. The precise arrangement of the die-blocks, however, s immaterial, as will be clear. The projections 6, hereinabove referred to, may also be varied in shape, as will be clear, Without departing substantially from my invention. The holes or recesses for the butt-ends of the bristles are of the usual depth to permit the said ends to project a proper distance below' the back or lower side of the face-plate, so that the said butt-ends may be bent over or embedded vin the Well-known manner in plastic Waterproof composition or treated in both these ways to further insure their being firmly held in place. This latter method is shown, Fig. 5, in which the mass or layer of Waterproof or cementitious material in which the inner ends of the bristles are embedded is shown at l2.

As will be clear, my invention maybe employed in a great variety of brushes of different forms and shapes and intended for different uses.

After the tufts of bristles are secured in place, as above described, the face-plate may be secured in a suitable backing and the brush finished in any Well-known manner.

That I claim isl. A brush provided with a face-plate of compressible material, having an outer surface of substantially uniform level and having perforations and with bristles in said perforations secured in place by the compression of the fiush portions of the plate at such perforations whereby the size of the perforations is diminished clamping the bristles therein.

2. A brush provided With a face-plate of compressible material having perforations and bristles in said perforations and secured in place by the compression of the flush portions of the plate at such perforations,where by the size of the perforations is diminished, clamping the bristles therein, and having the inner or butt ends of the bristles embedded in a Waterproof composition.

The method herein set forth of securing the bristles in a brush-face, which consists in taking a face-plate of compressible material, forming therein perforations having iiush margins, filling the said perforations, and then subjecting the iiush portions of the plate about the perforations to compression thereby diminishing the diameter of the perforations and clamping the bristles therein.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two'witnesses.

HERMAN M. SCI-I VARTZ.

lVitnesses:

WM. A. MAoLnoD, ALICE H. MORRISON. 

